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Notes: The UK figure on this chart is not as up-to-date as those reported elsewhere in this report [pdf] in order to be consistent with international data. Source: Resolution Foundation analysis of OECD stats. |
In the US total employment in June 2014 was at
the same level as it was in December 2007 when the recession began while the UK
added almost 1.3m jobs since late 2008 but a small percentage has been in
full-time employee numbers.
UK data for
August-October 2008 [pdf] shows total employment at 29.4m and 30.6m
in
March-May 2014 [pdf].
On Thursday we reported
that real wages had fallen in the UK in the past 12 months which is in line
with a trend since 2008.
Full-time employee rises are a strong indicator
of a recovery, in particular signalling future rises in wages that would boost
demand.
Last May
we reported that the number of Irish employees in Q1 2014 remained below the
level of the bailout quarter of 2010 while part time employment as a ratio
of total employment had risen from 18% in Q1 2008 to 24% in Q1 2014.
In the UK in the period 2008-2014,
self-employment grew by 798,000; part-time employees grew 288,000 and full-time
employees rose 143,000 -- the balance of the additional 1.26m jobs relates to
changes in government scheme numbers and unpaid family work.
The Resolution Foundation think-tank says that
only 30% of self-employed people have any kind of pension, compared to 52% of
employees - - similar levels to Ireland's level.
It says that in 1966, just 6.7% of UK workers were self-employed. This figure
rose throughout the 1970s and 1980s to reach 13.8% of workers in 1996.
Self-employment then fell slightly through the late 1990s and early 2000s,and it
is only since the financial crash that the proportion of workers who are self -
employed has risen back above the 1990s peak to 15%.
The Foundation also says in a report –
All Accounted For: The Case for an All Worker Earnings Measure – that
official measures of average earnings exclude the self-employed which it says
understate the size of the fall in earnings since the downturn by a thumping 20%
to 30%.
The Resolution Foundation also says the
proportion of self-employed people not working full-time has risen from 23 to
28% since 2005, twice as large as the shift among employees.
In the US, employment was
at 146m
in June 2014 as
it was in December 2007 when the recession began.
However the numbers not in the
workforce jumped from 79m to 92m while the total workforce rose from 154m to
156m despite a growth in population in 2007-2014.
The number in part-time work grew by 3m from 2007
to 28m.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has change its
categorisation of self employment and we have to suspend judgement on this
issue.